Formulation and Pre-Compression Characterization of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Herbal Tablets for Antihyperglycemic Use

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic disorder that requires effective and safe treatment strategies. Eucalyptus camaldulensis has shown promising antihyperglycemic effects in previous studies, suggesting its potential for use in herbal drug development. However, its application in standardized oral dosage forms remains underexplored. This study aimed to formulate and characterize E. camaldulensis herbal tablets using wet granulation and a full 2³ factorial design to optimize pre-compression parameters. Methods: Powdered leaves of E. camaldulensis were used in eight formulations with varying concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone (binder), croscarmellose sodium (disintegrant), and kneading time. Granules were prepared using the wet granulation method and assessed for particle size, flow properties (bulk/tapped density, Carr’s index, Hausner ratio, angle of repose), and moisture content. Results: All formulations exhibited suitable pre-compression characteristics. Carr’s index values were below 15%, Hausner ratios were below 1.25, and angles of repose were below 31°, indicating good flowability. Moisture content ranged between 1.7% and 2.7%. Mean particle sizes varied from 0.205 mm to 0.278 mm. Conclusion: The granules demonstrated favorable flow and moisture profiles, supporting their suitability for tablet compression. These findings highlight the potential of E. camaldulensis for developing effective herbal antidiabetic tablets. Further studies on post-compression characteristics and clinical evaluation are warranted.

Keywords: Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Antidiabetic tablet, Granule flow properties, Wet granulation, Factorial design